The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.